This educational course is designed to provide general information about portfolio investment strategies and should not be considered as personal financial advice. Past performance does not guarantee future results. All investments carry risk, including potential loss of principal. Before making any investment decisions, please consult with a qualified financial advisor who can assess your individual circumstances. The strategies and techniques taught in this course are for educational purposes only. Vionthysalith does not guarantee any specific investment outcomes or returns. Students are responsible for their own investment decisions and should conduct thorough research before implementing any strategies learned in this course. This disclaimer complies with South African financial services regulations and educational standards.